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Canon of Mercury transits

from 1500 to 2500 AD.

© Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides


For the computation of this canon, we have used the following physical parameters :

  • Equatorial horizontal parallax of the Sun at one AU = 8.794148".
  • Semi-diameter of the Sun = 15´ 59.63".
  • Quotient of the semi-diameter of Mercury by the equatorial semi-diameter of the Earth : k = 0.3825096.
  • Equatorial semi-diameter of the Earth = 6378140m.
  • Square of ellipticity of the Earth's ellipsoid = 0.00669438.

Computations are based on planetary theories developped at the Institut de M canique Cleste in Paris.

  • Planetary theories SLP98 use Chebyshev polynomials representation for the coordinates of the bodies computed by G. Francou from the planetary theories VSOP87 (P. Bretagnon and G. Francou, 1988).
  • Precession theory of Lieske (1976).
  • Nutation theory of Wahr (1981).
  • Sideral time formula of Aoki (1992).
  • The difference between TT and UT is quadratically extrapolated in the distant past (formulae given by J. Chapront, M. Chapront et G. Francou, 1997) or in the future from known values of TT - UT.

For each transit, the following data are given : :

  • Date of least topocentric distance between the center of the planet and the center of the Sun (in UTC).
  • Time of least topocentric distance between the center of the planet and the center of the Sun (in UTC).
  • Type of transit (P : partial, C : central, NC : no-central).
  • Least angular topocentric distance between the center of the planet and the center of the Sun in minute and second of degrees.
  • Duration of general phase of transit.
  • For each Saros :
    • Number of Saros series to which the transit belongs (* after number indicate that the series is not full).
    • Place of the transit in the Saros series.


Access to the historical period (1631-2012)

N Date Time UT Type distance Duration Saros 46 Saros 171 Saros 217
608 1506/10/28 10h30h18s NC 05'31.00" 05h09m57s 43 13 43 53* 8 24* 21
609 1519/10/31 04h02h53s NC 13'42.56" 02h56m38s 41 18 41 62* 2 25* 21
610 1523/04/21 20h49h20s NC 14'19.69" 03h29m18s 48 1 48 52 9 26* 21
611 1526/10/24 04h05h50s NC 09'14.99" 04h32m18s 47 5 47 38 18 27* 21
612 1536/04/24 04h08h25s NC 02'37.30" 07h55m16s 46 6 46 60 4 28* 21
613 1539/10/26 21h43h31s NC 00'54.71" 05h30m06s 45 9 45 46* 13 29* 21
614 1552/10/28 15h19h20s NC 07'12.34" 04h55m11s 43 14 43 55* 7 30* 21
615 1559/10/22 15h12h22s NC 15'54.49" 01h05m43s 49 1 49 30 23 34* 2
616 1565/10/31 08h51h44s NC 15'24.55" 01h44m57s 41 19 41 64* 1 1* 22
617 1569/04/22 03h30h51s NC 10'59.20" 05h46m27s 48 2 48 54 8 2* 22
618 1572/10/24 08h54h04s NC 07'31.55" 04h53m29s 47 6 47 40 17 3* 22
619 1582/04/25 10h52h06s NC 06'00.81" 07h26m09s 46 7 46 61 3 4* 22
620 1585/11/06 02h32h29s NC 00'39.34" 05h30m14s 45 10 45 48* 11 5* 22
621 1598/11/08 20h08h33s NC 08'55.15" 04h35m09s 43 15 43 57* 6 6* 22
622 1605/11/01 20h02h47s NC 14'11.75" 02h40m56s 49 2 49 33 21 32* 10
623 1615/05/03 10h09h12s NC 07'41.36" 06h59m30s 48 3 48 56 7 8* 22
624 1618/11/04 13h42h07s NC 05'48.73" 05h09m11s 47 7 47 42 16 9* 22
625 1628/05/05 17h32h07s NC 09'23.92" 06h29m05s 46 8 46 63 2 31* 15
626 1631/11/07 07h20h34s NC 02'22.30" 05h26m42s 45 11 45 50* 10 10* 22
627 1644/11/09 00h56h38s NC 10'36.96" 04h09m06s 43 16 43 59* 5 11* 22
628 1651/11/03 00h52h06s NC 12'26.56" 03h33m06s 49 3 49 35 20 13* 22
629 1661/05/03 16h54h16s NC 04'16.15" 07h42m13s 48 4 48 58 6 15* 22
630 1664/11/04 18h31h55s NC 04'06.24" 05h20m18s 47 8 47 44* 15 16* 22
631 1674/05/07 00h16h30s NC 12'48.32" 04h46m41s 46 9 46 65* 1 33* 8
632 1677/11/07 12h10h43s NC 04'04.60" 05h19m27s 45 12 45 53* 9 17* 22
633 1690/11/10 05h42h55s NC 12'17.99" 03h34m58s 43 17 43 62* 3 18* 22
634 1697/11/03 05h41h27s NC 10'42.99" 04h09m11s 49 4 49 38 19 20* 22
635 1707/05/05 23h31h46s NC 00'57.48" 07h59m53s 48 5 48 60 5 22* 22
636 1710/11/06 23h21h33s NC 02'21.06" 05h27m30s 47 9 47 46* 14 23* 22
637 1723/11/09 16h58h35s NC 05'46.46" 05h08m15s 45 13 45 55* 8 24* 22
638 1736/11/11 10h29h44s NC 13'58.91" 02h47m40s 43 18 43 64* 2 25* 22
639 1740/05/02 23h01h57s NC 14'41.82" 03h04m57s 50 1 50 54 9 26* 22
640 1743/11/05 10h29h46s NC 08'58.26" 04h36m24s 49 5 49 40 18 27* 22
641 1753/05/06 06h12h50s NC 02'11.49" 07h56m24s 48 6 48 61 4 28* 22
642 1756/11/07 04h10h32s NC 00'38.45" 05h30m42s 47 10 47 48* 12 29* 22
643 1769/11/09 21h46h16s NC 07'29.91" 04h52m23s 45 14 45 57* 7 30* 22
644 1776/11/02 21h35h48s NC 15'39.68" 01h26m48s 51 1 51 33 22 34* 3
645 1782/11/12 15h16h01s NC 15'40.48" 01h27m13s 43 19 43 66* 1 1* 23
646 1786/05/04 05h41h14s NC 11'21.99" 05h34m39s 50 2 50 56 8 2* 23
647 1789/11/05 15h18h37s NC 07'15.79" 04h56m31s 49 6 49 42 17 3* 23
648 1799/05/07 12h50h22s NC 05'32.45" 07h30m56s 48 7 48 63 3 4* 23
649 1802/11/09 08h58h23s NC 00'56.75" 05h30m14s 47 11 47 50* 11 5* 23
650 1815/11/12 02h33h13s NC 09'11.96" 04h31m31s 45 15 45 59* 6 6* 23
651 1822/11/05 02h24h23s NC 13'54.66" 02h51m03s 51 2 51 35 21 32* 11
652 1832/05/05 12h25h22s NC 07'57.72" 06h54m03s 50 3 50 58 7 8* 23
653 1835/11/07 20h07h41s NC 05'32.32" 05h11m34s 49 7 49 44* 16 9* 23
654 1845/05/08 19h36h51s NC 09'00.07" 06h36m55s 48 8 48 65* 2 31* 16
655 1848/11/09 13h47h32s NC 02'38.88" 05h26m06s 47 12 47 53* 10 10* 23
656 1861/11/12 07h19h24s NC 10'53.79" 04h04m15s 45 16 45 62* 4 11* 23
657 1868/11/05 07h13h57s NC 12'10.99" 03h39m26s 51 3 51 38 20 13* 23
658 1878/05/06 18h59h59s NC 04'40.32" 07h37m43s 50 4 50 60 6 15* 23
659 1881/11/08 00h57h17s NC 03'47.68" 05h22m13s 49 8 49 46* 15 16* 23
660 1891/05/10 02h21h59s NC 12'26.46" 05h00m38s 48 9 48 67* 1 33* 9
661 1894/11/10 18h34h48s NC 04'22.07" 05h18m07s 47 13 47 55* 9 17* 23
662 1907/11/14 12h06h39s NC 12'34.55" 03h28m25s 45 17 45 64* 3 18* 23
663 1914/11/07 12h02h58s NC 10'26.61" 04h14m11s 51 4 51 40 19 20* 23
664 1924/05/08 01h40h58s NC 01'17.55" 07h58m09s 50 5 50 61 5 22* 23
665 1927/11/10 05h45h32s NC 02'04.58" 05h28m37s 49 9 49 48* 13 23* 23
666 1937/05/11 08h59h41s P 15'48.45" 01h00m05s 48 10 48 68* 1 35* 1
667 1940/11/11 23h21h06s NC 06'04.36" 05h06m08s 47 14 47 57* 8 24* 23
668 1953/11/14 16h53h39s NC 14'17.67" 02h36m30s 45 18 45 66* 2 25* 23
669 1957/05/06 01h14h36s NC 15'00.36" 02h41m18s 52 1 52 56 9 26* 23
670 1960/11/07 16h52h48s NC 08'43.78" 04h39m53s 51 5 51 42 18 27* 23
671 1970/05/09 08h16h11s NC 01'47.05" 07h57m04s 50 6 50 63 4 28* 23
672 1973/11/10 10h32h15s NC 00'22.27" 05h31m13s 49 10 49 50* 12 29* 23
673 1986/11/13 04h06h60s NC 07'46.43" 04h49m38s 47 15 47 59* 7 30* 23
674 1993/11/06 03h56h15s NC 15'22.59" 01h45m54s 53 1 53 35 22 34* 4
675 1999/11/15 21h40h44s NC 15'58.90" 00h59m52s 45 19 45 69* 1 1* 24
676 2003/05/07 07h52h37s NC 11'41.32" 05h23m59s 52 2 52 58 8 2* 24
677 2006/11/08 21h40h53s NC 06'58.78" 04h59m38s 51 6 51 44* 17 3* 24
678 2016/05/09 14h57h14s NC 05'11.48" 07h33m51s 50 7 50 65* 3 4* 24
679 2019/11/11 15h19h31s NC 01'11.82" 05h30m11s 49 11 49 53* 11 5* 24
680 2032/11/13 08h53h38s NC 09'27.98" 04h27m55s 47 16 47 62* 5 6* 24
681 2039/11/07 08h46h01s NC 13'38.12" 03h00m12s 53 2 53 38 21 32* 12
682 2049/05/07 14h23h48s NC 08'24.81" 06h45m06s 52 3 52 60 7 8* 24
683 2052/11/09 02h29h22s NC 05'14.56" 05h14m01s 51 7 51 46* 16 9* 24
684 2062/05/10 21h36h41s NC 08'33.46" 06h45m04s 50 8 50 67* 2 31* 17
685 2065/11/11 20h05h56s NC 02'56.62" 05h25m20s 49 12 49 55* 10 10* 24
686 2078/11/14 13h40h47s NC 11'10.18" 03h59m16s 47 17 47 64* 4 11* 24
687 2085/11/07 13h34h17s NC 11'54.38" 03h45m53s 53 3 53 40 20 13* 24
688 2095/05/08 21h05h32s NC 05'02.76" 07h33m09s 52 4 52 61 6 15* 24
689 2098/11/10 07h16h36s NC 03'30.55" 05h23m53s 51 8 51 48* 14 16* 24
690 2108/05/12 04h16h17s NC 11'57.61" 05h17m28s 50 9 50 68* 2 33* 10
691 2111/11/14 00h53h14s NC 04'39.22" 05h16m43s 49 13 49 57* 9 17* 24
692 2124/11/15 18h28h34s NC 12'54.79" 03h19m51s 47 18 47 66* 3 18* 24
693 2131/11/09 18h22h47s NC 10'10.23" 04h19m01s 53 4 53 42 19 20* 24
694 2141/05/10 03h43h17s NC 01'41.09" 07h55m58s 52 5 52 63 5 22* 24
695 2144/11/11 12h02h13s NC 01'48.60" 05h29m37s 51 9 51 50* 13 23* 24
696 2154/05/13 10h58h54s NC 15'23.55" 02h04m41s 50 10 50 70* 1 35* 2
697 2157/11/14 05h40h01s NC 06'22.78" 05h03m48s 49 14 49 59* 8 24* 24
698 2170/11/16 23h15h48s NC 14'36.33" 02h24m13s 47 19 47 69* 2 25* 24
699 2174/05/08 03h26h29s NC 15'17.39" 02h15m49s 54 1 54 58 9 26* 24
700 2177/11/09 23h09h13s NC 08'25.63" 04h44m00s 53 5 53 44* 18 27* 24
701 2187/05/11 10h24h28s NC 01'28.94" 07h57m05s 52 6 52 65* 4 28* 24
702 2190/11/12 16h48h40s NC 00'04.94" 05h31m39s 51 10 51 53* 12 29* 24
703 2203/11/16 10h27h12s NC 08'04.54" 04h46m26s 49 15 49 62* 6 30* 24
704 2210/11/09 10h13h03s NC 15'06.85" 02h00m38s 55* 1 55* 38 22 34* 5
705 2220/05/09 09h57h11s NC 12'01.53" 05h12m14s 54 2 54 60 8 2* 25
706 2223/11/12 03h55h56s NC 06'42.34" 05h02m33s 53 6 53 46* 17 3* 25
707 2233/05/12 17h00h08s NC 04'49.20" 07h36m42s 52 7 52 67* 3 4* 25
708 2236/11/13 21h35h12s NC 01'31.31" 05h29m56s 51 11 51 55* 11 5* 25
709 2249/11/16 15h12h57s NC 09'47.48" 04h23m14s 49 16 49 64* 5 6* 25
710 2256/11/09 14h59h27s NC 13'23.30" 03h07m56s 55* 2 55* 40 21 32* 13
711 2266/05/10 16h34h22s NC 08'42.71" 06h38m37s 54 3 54 61 7 8* 25
712 2269/11/12 08h42h14s NC 04'58.33" 05h16m11s 53 7 53 48* 15 9* 25
713 2279/05/13 23h38h27s NC 08'12.44" 06h50m50s 52 8 52 68* 3 31* 18
714 2282/11/15 02h22h23s NC 03'13.80" 05h24m30s 51 12 51 57* 10 10* 25
715 2295/11/17 19h59h12s NC 11'30.46" 03h52m42s 49 17 49 66* 4 11* 25
716 2302/11/11 19h46h44s NC 11'37.78" 03h52m03s 55* 3 55* 42 20 13* 25
717 2312/05/11 23h06h57s NC 05'24.41" 07h28m24s 54 4 54 63 6 15* 25
718 2315/11/14 13h28h18s NC 03'15.12" 05h25m22s 53 8 53 50* 14 16* 25
719 2325/05/15 06h14h02s NC 11'34.39" 05h29m44s 52 9 52 70* 2 33* 11
720 2328/11/16 07h08h46s NC 04'57.20" 05h15m06s 51 13 51 59* 9 17* 25
721 2341/11/19 00h44h40s NC 13'12.27" 03h11m55s 49 18 49 69* 3 18* 25
722 2348/11/12 00h33h35s NC 09'52.59" 04h24m00s 55* 4 55* 44* 19 20* 25
723 2358/05/13 05h45h25s NC 02'02.48" 07h53m39s 54 5 54 65* 5 22* 25
724 2361/11/14 18h15h27s NC 01'29.74" 05h30m38s 53 9 53 53* 13 23* 25
725 2371/05/16 12h52h10s NC 14'59.05" 02h43m47s 52 10 52 71* 1 35* 3
726 2374/11/17 11h55h52s NC 06'40.41" 05h01m26s 51 14 51 62* 7 24* 25
727 2387/11/20 05h28h33s NC 14'53.90" 02h11m15s 49 19 49 72* 1 25* 25
728 2391/05/11 05h30h46s NC 15'36.99" 01h38m08s 56 1 56 60 9 26* 25
729 2394/11/13 05h20h37s NC 08'08.15" 04h47m51s 55* 5 55* 46* 18 27* 25
730 2404/05/13 12h19h06s NC 01'04.40" 07h57m09s 54 6 54 67* 4 28* 25
731 2407/11/15 23h03h10s NC 00'06.80" 05h31m59s 53 10 53 55* 12 29* 25
732 2420/11/17 16h41h05s NC 08'24.71" 04h42m37s 51 15 51 64* 6 30* 25
733 2427/11/11 16h20h58s NC 14'50.62" 02h14m02s 57* 1 57* 40 22 34* 6
734 2437/05/11 12h06h22s NC 12'17.62" 05h02m20s 56 2 56 61 8 2* 26
735 2440/11/13 10h06h43s NC 06'24.13" 05h05m37s 55* 6 55* 48* 16 3* 26
736 2450/05/14 18h59h23s NC 04'28.32" 07h38m60s 54 7 54 68* 4 4* 26
737 2453/11/16 03h50h01s NC 01'50.30" 05h29m34s 53 11 53 57* 11 5* 26
738 2466/11/18 21h26h24s NC 10'07.08" 04h18m17s 51 16 51 66* 5 6* 26
739 2473/11/11 21h07h19s NC 13'05.49" 03h16m40s 57* 2 57* 42 21 32* 14
740 2483/05/12 18h37h03s NC 09'01.16" 06h31m39s 56 3 56 63 7 8* 26
741 2486/11/14 14h53h00s NC 04'39.94" 05h18m29s 55* 7 55* 50* 15 9* 26
742 2496/05/15 01h33h04s NC 07'50.42" 06h56m30s 54 8 54 70* 3 31* 19
743 2499/11/17 08h34h24s NC 03'32.66" 05h23m26s 53 12 53 59* 10 10* 26